Coco Soil

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Coco soil

Coco soil

Coco soil, also known as coco coir or coco peat soil, is a soil-less growing medium made from coconut fibers. It is a popular choice among gardeners and farmers due to its ability to retain moisture and provide good drainage. Coco soil is made from the fibrous husk of the coconut, which surrounds the coconut shell and is derived from the outer layer of the coconut fruit.

One of the main benefits of using coco soil as a growing medium is its high water retention capacity. Coco soil can hold water for a long period of time, which makes it an ideal medium for growers who want to reduce their water usage while still providing the plants with the necessary moisture. Additionally, coco soil is also pH neutral which allows it to be used to grow a wide range of plants, including vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs.

Another advantage of coco soil is its easy handling and transport. Unlike soil, coco soil is lightweight and easy to move around. This makes it an ideal choice for growers who need to move plants around frequently. Coco soil is also less messy than soil, making it a cleaner option for indoor growing.

Coco soil is also an environmentally friendly choice for growing plants. Unlike peat moss, which is harvested from peat bogs and can take thousands of years to form, coco soil is a byproduct of coconut processing and is a sustainable resource. Additionally, coco soil is biodegradable, so it can be broken down and returned to the earth after use.

Coco soil is also known to have great absorbent properties, which makes it a great choice for animal bedding. It is also used to improve the drainage and aeration of soil. It is often used in gardening and landscaping to improve soil structure and retain moisture.

In addition to its use as a growing medium, coco soil is also used in a variety of other applications such as soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems. It can also be used as a filler, cleaner, or solvent in various industries such as the fishing net industry, paper industry, food processing industry, and chemical industry.

Coco soil is also known to have great absorbent properties, which makes it a great choice for animal bedding. It is also used to improve the drainage and aeration of soil. It is often used in gardening and landscaping to improve soil structure and retain moisture.

The high water retention properties of coco soil make it an ideal medium for hydroponic systems as well. It can be used as a substrate in hydroponic systems to provide plants with the necessary moisture and nutrients, without the need for soil. This can help to reduce the amount of water used in hydroponic systems, making it a more sustainable option.

In conclusion, coco soil is a versatile and environmentally friendly material that can be used in various industries. Its high water retention capacity and pH neutral properties make it an ideal growing medium for plants. Additionally, it is easy to handle and transport, biodegradable and a sustainable resource. Coco soil can be used as a soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems, as well as in various other industries.

Another benefit of coco soil is that it can improve the structure of the soil. Coco soil contains lignin and cellulose, which are natural soil conditioners. These organic compounds help to improve soil structure, making it more porous and easier for roots to penetrate. This can lead to stronger and healthier plants, with a better ability to absorb water and nutrients.

Coco soil is also a cost-effective solution for growers. As it is a byproduct of coconut processing, it is often less expensive than other growing media options. This can be especially beneficial for large-scale growers, who may be looking to reduce costs without sacrificing quality.

The horticulture industry has adopted the use of coco soil as a growing medium because of its ability to improve growth of plants. The high water retention properties and pH neutrality of coco soil make it an ideal growing medium for plants, especially in the case of commercial greenhouse operations, where the costs of water usage and fertilizers are high.

Another great advantage of using coco soil is its ability to support the growth of beneficial microbes. It is a home for microorganisms that are beneficial for plants, such as mycorrhizae and beneficial bacteria. These microorganisms can help plants absorb nutrients and fight off pathogens, which can lead to healthier and more robust plants.

Coco soil is also an excellent choice for container gardening. It is lightweight, easy to handle and transport, and it can retain moisture for longer periods of time. This makes it an ideal growing medium for container gardening, as it allows plants to thrive in small spaces.

In conclusion, coco soil is a versatile and environmentally friendly material that can be used in various industries. Its high water retention capacity, pH neutral properties and ability to improve soil structure make it an ideal growing medium for plants. Additionally, it is easy to handle, transport, biodegradable and a sustainable resource. Coco soil can be used as a soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems, as well as in various other industries. It can also support the growth of beneficial microbes and is an excellent choice for container gardening.

Coconut Coir vs Peat Moss

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Peat Moss

Coconut Coir vs Peat Moss

Coconut coir and peat moss are both popular growing mediums used in gardening and horticulture, but they have some distinct differences. Coconut coir is made from the outer fibers of coconut shells, while peat moss is harvested from bogs and swamps. Both materials have unique properties that make them suitable for different gardening applications.

One of the main differences between coconut coir and peat moss is their water retention capabilities. Coconut coir has a higher water retention capability compared to peat moss. This is because the fibers of coconut shells are naturally porous, allowing them to hold up to eight times their weight in water. Peat moss, on the other hand, has a lower water retention capability, making it less suitable for gardeners looking to conserve water.

Another key difference between coconut coir and peat moss is their sustainability. Peat moss is harvested from bogs and swamps, which can lead to the destruction of important wetlands habitats. In contrast, coconut coir is made from a renewable resource and does not harm natural habitats. Additionally, coconut coir is a biodegradable and compostable material, making it a more sustainable option for gardeners.

Coconut coir also has a higher pH level than peat moss. While peat moss has an acidic pH of around 3.5-4, coconut coir has a pH level between 5.2-6.8. This makes coconut coir a better option for plants that prefer neutral to slightly acidic soil.

When it comes to versatility, both coconut coir and peat moss can be used in a variety of gardening applications, including container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. However, coconut coir is more versatile than peat moss as it can be used as a soil amendment to improve the water-holding capacity and nutrient content of traditional potting soil. It can also be used as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic systems, which peat moss cannot be used alone for hydroponics.

Coconut coir is also easier to handle and store compared to peat moss. It can be re-hydrated by simply adding water, and it's lightweight, making it easy to transport. Peat moss, on the other hand, is heavier and more difficult to handle. Additionally, coconut coir has a longer shelf life than peat moss, making it a more convenient option for gardeners.

In conclusion, both coconut coir and peat moss have their own unique properties that make them suitable for different gardening applications. Coconut coir is a more sustainable and versatile option with better water retention and pH level, making it a great choice for gardeners looking for a soil amendment or a standalone growing medium. Peat moss, on the other hand, is a more traditional option that's suitable for specific plants that prefer acidic soil. Ultimately, the choice between coconut coir and peat moss will depend on the specific needs of the gardener and the plants they're growing.

In conclusion, coconut coir and peat moss are both popular growing mediums used in gardening and horticulture. While both materials have their own unique properties that make them suitable for different gardening applications, coconut coir is a more sustainable and versatile option with better water retention and pH level. Peat moss is a more traditional option that's suitable for specific plants that prefer acidic soil. Coconut coir is also more easy to handle and store compared to peat moss. Ultimately, the choice between coconut coir and peat moss will depend on the specific needs of the gardener and the plants they're growing. It's important for a gardener to consider the environmental impact, water retention, pH level, and versatility when choosing the appropriate growing medium for their gardening needs.

Coconut Peat Soil

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Coconut peat soil

Coconut Peat Soil

Coconut peat soil, also known as coco peat, is a versatile and sustainable growing medium made from the husks of coconut shells. This organic material is rich in natural fibers and has a pH balance that is ideal for plants. It is commonly used as a soil amendment or as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic and soil-less gardening systems.

One of the key benefits of coconut peat soil is its ability to retain water and nutrients. The husks of coconut shells are naturally porous, allowing them to hold up to eight times their weight in water. This makes coconut peat soil an ideal choice for gardeners looking to conserve water and reduce the need for frequent watering. Additionally, the natural fibers in coconut peat soil help to improve soil structure and aeration, which can lead to healthier plant growth.

Coconut peat soil is also an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional peat moss. Peat moss is harvested from bogs and swamps, which can lead to the destruction of important wetlands habitats. In contrast, coconut peat soil is made from a renewable resource and does not harm natural habitats. Additionally, coconut peat soil is a biodegradable and compostable material, making it a sustainable option for gardeners.

Another advantage of coconut peat soil is its versatility. It can be used in a variety of gardening applications, including container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. It can be used as a soil amendment to improve the water-holding capacity and nutrient content of traditional potting soil, or it can be used as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic systems. Coconut peat soil can also be mixed with other growing mediums, such as perlite or vermiculite, to create a custom growing medium that is tailored to the needs of specific plants.

Coconut peat soil can also be used as a growing medium for plants, vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs. It is a versatile growing medium that can be used for plants of all types and sizes. It's also safe for organic gardening and can be used for plants that are sensitive to chemical fertilizers.

Coconut peat soil is also easy to use. It can be re-hydrated by simply adding water, and it's lightweight, making it easy to transport and handle. Additionally, it's easy to store and has a long shelf life, making it a convenient option for gardeners.

In conclusion, coconut peat soil is an excellent growing medium for gardeners of all skill levels. It's an environmentally friendly, sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional peat moss that can be used in a variety of gardening applications. With its ability to retain water and nutrients, coconut peat soil can lead to healthier plant growth, making it a great choice for container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. Additionally, it's easy to use, easy to store and has a long shelf life. Overall, coconut peat soil is a great choice for any gardener looking to improve the health and vitality of their plants.

In conclusion, coconut peat soil is an excellent growing medium for gardeners of all skill levels. With its ability to retain water and nutrients, improve soil structure and aeration, and promote healthy plant growth, coconut peat soil can be a great choice for container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. Additionally, it is an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional peat moss, making it a great choice for organic gardening. Overall, coconut peat soil is a versatile, easy-to-use, and long-lasting growing medium that can help to improve the health and vitality of plants. As a gardener, it's worth considering coconut peat soil as a growing medium for your plants.

Coconut peat

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Coconut peat

Coconut Peat

Coconut peat, also known as coco peat, coco coir, or coir dust, is a byproduct of coconut processing. It is made from the fibrous husk of the coconut, which surrounds the coconut shell. This material is widely used in the agriculture and horticulture industry, as a soil amendment, and as a growing medium for plants.

One of the main benefits of using coconut peat as a growing medium is its high water retention capacity. Coconut peat can hold water for a long period of time, which makes it an ideal medium for growers who want to reduce their water usage while still providing the plants with the necessary moisture. Additionally, coconut peat is also pH neutral which allows it to be used to grow a wide range of plants, including vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs.

Another advantage of coconut peat is its easy handling and transport. Unlike soil, coconut peat is lightweight and easy to move around. This makes it an ideal choice for growers who need to move plants around frequently. Coconut peat is also less messy than soil, making it a cleaner option for indoor growing.

Coconut peat is also an environmentally friendly choice for growing plants. Unlike peat moss, which is harvested from peat bogs and can take thousands of years to form, coconut peat is a byproduct of coconut processing and is a sustainable resource. Additionally, coconut peat is biodegradable, so it can be broken down and returned to the earth after use.

In addition to its use as a growing medium, coconut peat is also used in a variety of other applications such as soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems. It can also be used as a filler, cleaner, or solvent in various industries such as the fishing net industry, paper industry, food processing industry, and chemical industry.

Coconut peat is also known to have great absorbent properties, which makes it a great choice for animal bedding. It is also used to improve the drainage and aeration of soil. It is often used in gardening and landscaping to improve soil structure and retain moisture.

The high water retention properties of coconut peat make it an ideal medium for hydroponic systems as well. It can be used as a substrate in hydroponic systems to provide plants with the necessary moisture and nutrients, without the need for soil. This can help to reduce the amount of water used in hydroponic systems, making it a more sustainable option.

Coconut peat is also known to have great absorbent properties, which makes it a great choice for animal bedding. It is also used to improve the drainage and aeration of soil. It is often used in gardening and landscaping to improve soil structure and retain moisture.

In conclusion, coconut peat is a versatile and environmentally friendly material that can be used in various industries. Its high water retention capacity and pH neutral properties make it an ideal growing medium for plants. Additionally, it is easy to handle and transport, biodegradable and a sustainable resource. Coconut peat can be used as a soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems, as well as in various other industries.

Another benefit of coconut peat is its ability to improve soil structure. Coconut peat is rich in lignin and cellulose, which are natural soil conditioners. These organic compounds help to improve soil structure, making it more porous and easier for roots to penetrate. This can lead to stronger and healthier plants, with a better ability to absorb water and nutrients.

Coconut peat is also a cost-effective solution for growers. It is a readily available byproduct of coconut processing, and therefore it is often less expensive than other growing media options. This can be especially beneficial for large-scale growers, who may be looking to reduce costs without sacrificing quality.

The horticulture industry has adopted the use of coconut peat as a growing medium because of its ability to improve growth of plants. The high water retention properties and pH neutrality of coconut peat make it an ideal growing medium for plants, especially in the case of commercial greenhouse operations, where the costs of water usage and fertilizers are high.

Coconut peat can also be used in the production of biofuel. The high cellulose and lignin content of coconut peat make it a suitable feedstock for the production of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. This can help to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and promote the use of sustainable energy sources.

In conclusion, coconut peat is a versatile and environmentally friendly material that can be used in various industries. Its high water retention capacity and pH neutral properties make it an ideal growing medium for plants. It is easy to handle and transport, biodegradable and a sustainable resource. Coconut peat can be used as a soil amendment, animal bedding, and as a substrate in hydroponic systems, as well as in various other industries. Additionally, it can improve soil structure, is cost-effective, and can be used in the production of biofuel.

What is Coconut Peat

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What is Coconut Peat

What is Coconut Peat

Coconut peat, also known as coco peat, is a versatile and effective growing medium that is made from the inner fibers of coconut shells. It is a byproduct of the coconut processing industry and is commonly used as a soil amendment or as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic and soil-less gardening systems.

One of the key benefits of coconut peat is its high water retention capability. The fibers of coconut shells are naturally porous, allowing them to hold up to eight times their weight in water. This makes coconut peat an ideal choice for gardeners looking to conserve water and reduce the need for frequent watering. Additionally, the natural fibers in coconut peat help to improve soil structure and aeration, which can lead to healthier plant growth.

Coconut peat also has a slightly acidic pH level of around 5.5-6.5, which is ideal for plants that prefer acidic soil. This makes coconut peat a great option for plants such as rhododendrons, azaleas, and blueberries.

Another advantage of coconut peat is its versatility. It can be used in a variety of gardening applications, including container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. It can be used as a soil amendment to improve the water-holding capacity and nutrient content of traditional potting soil, or it can be used as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic systems. Coconut peat can also be mixed with other growing mediums, such as perlite or vermiculite, to create a custom growing medium that is tailored to the needs of specific plants.

Coconut peat is also easy to use. It can be re-hydrated by simply adding water, and it's lightweight, making it easy to transport and handle. Additionally, it's easy to store and has a long shelf life, making it a convenient option for garden

Another benefit of using coconut peat is its sustainability. Unlike peat moss which is harvested from bogs and swamps and can lead to the destruction of important wetlands habitats, coconut peat is made from a renewable resource and does not harm natural habitats. Additionally, it is a biodegradable and compostable material, making it a more environmentally friendly option for gardeners.

Coconut peat is also an efficient growing medium as it can be used for multiple harvests. Unlike traditional soil, coconut peat can be sterilized and reused for multiple planting cycles. This helps to reduce the amount of waste and costs associated with traditional soil-based gardening methods.

In conclusion, coconut peat is an excellent growing medium that offers a number of benefits for gardeners of all skill levels. It has a high water retention capability, a slightly acidic pH level, versatility and easy to use, sustainable and efficient. With its ability to retain water and nutrients, promote soil structure and aeration, and improve plant growth, coconut peat can be a great choice for container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. Overall, coconut peat is a versatile, sustainable, and effective growing medium that can help to improve the health and vitality of plants. It's a great choice for any gardener looking to improve their gardening results.

Coco coir soil

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coco coir soir

Coco coir soil

Coco coir soil, also known as coco coir, is a sustainable and versatile growing medium made from the outer fibers of coconut shells. This organic material is rich in natural fibers and has a pH balance that is ideal for plants. It is commonly used as a soil amendment or as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic and soil-less gardening systems.

One of the key benefits of coco coir soil is its ability to retain water and nutrients. The fibers of coconut shells are naturally porous, allowing them to hold up to eight times their weight in water. This makes coco coir soil an ideal choice for gardeners looking to conserve water and reduce the need for frequent watering. Additionally, the natural fibers in coco coir soil help to improve soil structure and aeration, which can lead to healthier plant growth.

Coco coir soil is also an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional peat moss. Peat moss is harvested from bogs and swamps, which can lead to the destruction of important wetlands habitats. In contrast, coco coir soil is made from a renewable resource and does not harm natural habitats. Additionally, coco coir soil is a biodegradable and compostable material, making it a sustainable option for gardeners.

Another advantage of coco coir soil is its versatility. It can be used in a variety of gardening applications, including container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. It can be used as a soil amendment to improve the water-holding capacity and nutrient content of traditional potting soil, or it can be used as a standalone growing medium in hydroponic systems. Coco coir soil can also be mixed with other growing mediums, such as perlite or vermiculite, to create a custom growing medium that is tailored to the needs of specific plants.

Coco coir soil can also be used as a growing medium for plants, vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs. It is a versatile growing medium that can be used for plants of all types and sizes. It's also safe for organic gardening and can be used for plants that are sensitive to chemical fertilizers.

Coco coir soil is also easy to use. It can be re-hydrated by simply adding water, and it's lightweight, making it easy to transport and handle. Additionally, it's easy to store and has a long shelf life, making it a convenient option for gardeners.

In conclusion, coco coir soil is an excellent growing medium for gardeners of all skill levels. It's an environmentally friendly, sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional peat moss that can be used in a variety of gardening applications. With its ability to retain water and nutrients, coco coir soil can lead to healthier plant growth, making it a great choice for container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. Additionally, it's easy to use, easy to store and has a long shelf life. Overall, coco coir soil is a great choice for any gardener looking to improve the health and vitality of their plants.

In conclusion, coco coir soil is an excellent growing medium for gardeners of all skill levels. It's an environmentally friendly, sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional peat moss that can be used in a variety of gardening applications. With its ability to retain water and nutrients, promote soil structure and aeration, and improve plant growth, coco coir soil can be a great choice for container gardening, indoor gardening, and hydroponics. Additionally, it's easy to use, easy to store, and has a long shelf life, making it a convenient option for gardeners. Overall, coco coir soil is a versatile, sustainable, and effective growing medium that can help to improve the health and vitality of plants. It's a great choice for any gardener looking to improve their gardening results.

What is Coco Peat

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What is Coco Peat

Coco peat, also known as coco fiber, is a material obtained from the fibrous husk found on the edge of coconut fruits. It is one of the materials used in the agriculture and horticulture industry, specifically in the production of growing media.

Coco peat has manybenefits in agriculture. Firstly, coco peat has a very good property as a growing media. This is because coco peat has a high porosity and can hold water well, making coco peat very suitable for use in plant growth. Secondly, coco peat also contains the nutrients needed by plants, such as fertilizing elements that can strengthen the plant's root system.

In addition, coco peat also has an environmentally friendly characteristic. Coco peat can be reused and does not harm the environment, because coco peat can be recycled and reused. Coco peat can also be used as an alternative fuel, making coco peat very suitable for use in environmentally friendly agriculture industries.

Coco peat is also used in various other applications such as fishing net industry, paper industry, food processing industry, and chemical industry. coco peat can also be used as a filler, cleaner, or solvent. coco peat also used in health and beauty care industry as basic material in skin care products.

Overall, coco peat is a useful material and can be used in various industries. Coco peat is very suitable for use in agriculture and horticulture, and can also be used in other applications such as fishing net industry, paper industry, food processing industry, and chemical industry. Coco peat is also very environmentally friendly and can be recycled.

Coco peat is a versatile material that can be used in various industries, but it is most commonly used as a growing media for plants. The high porosity and water retention properties make it an ideal medium for growing plants in a variety of applications such as greenhouses, nurseries, and hydroponics. Coco peat is also pH neutral and can be used to grow a wide range of plants, including vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs.

Another advantage of using coco peat as a growing medium is that it is easy to handle and transport. Unlike soil, coco peat is lightweight and easy to move around. This makes it an ideal choice for growers who need to move plants around frequently. Coco peat is also less messy than soil, making it a cleaner option for indoor growing.

Coco peat is also an environmentally friendly choice for growing plants. Unlike peat moss, which is harvested from peat bogs and can take thousands of years to form, coco peat is a byproduct of coconut processing and is a sustainable resource. Additionally, coco peat is biodegradable, so it can be broken down and returned to the earth after use.

One of the most significant benefits of coco peat as a growing media is that it can help to reduce water usage in agriculture. Coco peat has a high water retention capacity, which means that it can hold water for a long period of time. This makes it an ideal medium for growers who want to reduce their water usage while still providing the plants with the necessary moisture.

In conclusion, coco peat is a versatile and environmentally friendly material that can be used in various industries. It is most commonly used as a growing medium, but it can also be used as a filler, cleaner, or solvent. It is an ideal choice for growers who want to reduce water usage while still providing the plants with the necessary moisture. Coco peat is easy to handle, transport, and is biodegradable, which makes it an environmentally friendly option.

Rabies Disease What is Rabies?

Rabies Disease What is Rabies?

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Rabies Disease

What is Rabies?

Rabies is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system that can affect all types of warm-blooded animals and humans. The disease is characterized by severe dysfunction of the central nervous system and almost always ends in death. Rabies is one of the oldest known infectious diseases in Indonesia. Rabies virus belongs to the genus Lyssavirus and the family Rhabdoviridae.

ETIOLOGY

Different types of animals can transmit rabies to humans. The most are by wild animals, in particular ferrets, bats, foxes and wolves. Dogs, cats, farm animals, or warm-blooded animals can transmit rabies to humans. Humans contract rabies through the bites of infected animals.

As previously described, the rabies virus belongs to the family of rhabdoviruses, is neurotrophic, the magnitude of which is 100 x 140 nanometers. The core of the rabies virus consists of nucleic acids of RNA alone, which are genetic in nature. This nucleus is surrounded by ribonucleoproteins called capsids. The combination of the nucleus and capsomer consisting of units of protein molecules is called nucleocapsid, outside of which there is an envelope on the surface of which there are spikes. The nucleocapsid is a helical coil of the nucleus of a ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the rabies virus gene, in the form of a single chain of unsegmented RNA, a nucleoprotein, a phosphoprotein, and a dependent RNA RNA polymerase. The viral envelope consists of a membrane made of host lipids and 2 types of proteins namely G and M, these lipids can be dissolved with ether, so that the rabies virus is easily inactivated with solvent lipids. The viral envelope determines virulence while the RNA and nucleocapsid itself are not infectious.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Data on rabies that can be trusted in different regions are uneven, making it difficult to find out its effect on human health and in animals. WHO again calculated the number of rabies cases in 2004 and based on this data, the number of deaths worldwide due to rabies reached around 55000 people, the most in rural areas of Africa and Asia. Meanwhile, the number of people who receive treatment after contact with rabies-suspected animals reaches 10 million people every year. In the United States, rabies cases in different regions depend on animal control and immunization programs. The largest number of deaths in the country occurred in the early middle of the 20th century, with an average number of 50 cases per year. Most of them are caused by dog bites.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Rabies infections in humans can be said to be almost all due to the bites of animals that contain viruses in their saliva. Intact skin cannot be infected by rabies, but licking infected animals can be dangerous if the skin is not intact or injured. The virus can also enter through intact mucous membranes, for example, the conjunctival membrane of the eyes, mouth, anus, external genitalia apparatus. Foodborne transmission has never been confirmed whereas infection through inhalation is rarely found in humans. Only 3 cases were found that the infection occurred through this inhalation. After entering the body, the rabies virus will avoid destruction by the body's immune system through its binding to the nervous system. After inoculation, the virus enters the peripheral nerves. The long incubation period indicates the distance of the virus in those peripheral nerves with the central nervous system. Amplification occurs until the empty nucleocapsid passes into the myoneural junction and enters the motor and sensory axons. At this stage, preventive therapy is no longer useful and the course of the disease becomes fatal with mortality 100 %.

If the virus has reached the brain, it will multiply and spread into all parts of the neuron, especially having a special predilection to the cells of the limbic system, hypothalamus, and brainstem. After multiplying in central neurons, the virus then moves peripherally in the efferent nerve fibers and in the volunter and autonomic nerve fibers. Thus, the virus can attack almost all tissues and organs of the body and multiply in tissues such as salivary glands. Specifically regarding the infection of the limbic system, as it is known that the limbic system is closely related to the function of controlling emotional attitudes. As a result of the influence of infection of cells in this limbic system, the patient will bite his prey in the absence of outside provocations.

CLINICAL PICTURE

In Animals

The criteria for rabies suspects are as follows:

1. A dog or animal that bites is proven to be laboratory positive for rabies.
2. The biting dog or animal dies within 5 – 10 days.
3. The biting dog or animal disappears or is killed.
4. Dogs or animals that bite have symptoms of rabies. (2)

After the rabies virus enters the animal's body, it will travel to the brain through peripheral nerves. Dogs, cats, and rabbits may be able to show a variety of symptoms, including fear, aggression, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, staggering, and seizures. Wild animals with rabies may only exhibit unusual behavior e.g. an animal normally seen at night may be found wandering during the day. In addition, this symptom may be seen in dogs, cats, horses, livestock, sheep, and goats with rabies may indicate depression, or increased sensitivity to light.

In Humans

When a person is first bitten by an animal infected with rabies, symptoms can be seen in the skeletal muscles. The average incubation period in humans is about 3 – 8 weeks, longer than the incubation period in animals. Very rarely but once found an incubation period of 19 years. In 90 % of cases, the incubation period is less than 1 year. There is also a mention that the incubation period is 60 days for bites found on the legs. Bites on the face take only about 30 days. This is because the location of inoculation is closer to the brain, the shorter the latent period. During this incubation period, the rabies virus avoids the immune system and no antibody response is found. Currently, the patient may not show any symptoms (asymptomatic).

In the prodromal stage, the virus begins to enter the central nervous system. The prodromal stage lasts 2 –10 days and nonspecific symptoms begin to appear in the form of headache, weakness, anorexia, fever, fear, anxiety, muscle aches, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Paresthesia or pain at the site of inoculation is a pathognomonic sign in rabies and occurs in 50 % of cases at this stage, and this sign may be the only early sign. After passing the prodromal stage, the stage of neurological abnormalities begins which lasts about 2-7 days. At this stage, there has been a development of diseases in the brain and the symptoms can be:

Spastic form (furious rabies): sensitive to mild stimuli, contractions of the pharyngeal and esophageal muscles, convulsions, aerophobia, stiffness of the slum, delirium, semicoma and hydrophobia. A very well known is hydrophobia in which when the patient is given a glass of drinking water, the patient will receive it because he is very thirsty, and try to drink it. This will, however, is hindered by the intense spasm of the pharyngeal muscles. Thus, he becomes so afraid of water that he hears the sound of splashing tap water or even hears the words water alone, already causing a violent contraction of the muscles of the throat. Spasms of the pharyngeal and respiratory muscles can also be caused by sensory stimuli such as blowing air into the patient's face or shining into his eyes. The patient will die within 3 – 5 days after experiencing these symptoms.

2. Forms of dementia.

3. Sensitivity to stimuli increases, sudden insanity, can commit violent acts, coma, die.

4. Paralytic form (dumb rabies): In this form the patient appears more silent than the furious type. Symptoms that can appear in this form are fever and rigidity. The paralysis that occurs is symmetric and may be thorough or ascending so that it can be confused with Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The sensory system is usually still normal.

SUPPORTING CHECKS

1. Routine blood: an increase in leukocytes (8000 – 13000/mm3) and a decrease in hemoglobin and hemtokrit can be found.

2. Urinalysis : can be found albuminuria and a small amount of leukocytes.

3. Microbiology: Culture of rabies virus from the patient's saliva within 2 weeks after onset.

4. Histology: pathognomonic signs can be found in the form of Negri bodies (inclusion bodies in the eosinophil cytoplasm) in neuron cells, especially in vaccinated cases and patients who can survive after more than 2 weeks.

5. Serology: By detecting viral RNA from the patient's saliva using polymerase chain reactions (PCR).

6. Cerebrospinal fluid : monocytosis can be found while proteins and glucose are within normal limits.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

1. Intoxication of drugs

Drug poisoning can show symptoms similar to rabies such as coma (hypnotic drug intoxication), pupil mydriasis and anisocor (intoxication of atropine or morphine), seizures (intoxication of amphetamines), obstruction of the breath center (insecticidal intoxication), to cardiac arrest (intoxication of tricyclic antidepressants and digitalis). All of these symptoms can be found in rabies if the virus has invaded the central nervous system. Careful and meticulous anamnesis is necessary to distinguish these two disorders.

2. Encephalitis

Rabies itself can cause viral encephalitis so that the symptoms that appear are very similar, for example abnormal behavior, personality changes, seizures, headaches, and photophobia. Allergy to rabies vaccines can also cause encephalitis. Anamnesis regarding the history of animal digigt, contact with saliva, as well as traveling to rabies endemic areas can establish a diagnosis.

3. Tetanus

Like rabies, tetanus can also cause fever, pain and paraesthesia around wounds and spasms. However, seizures in tetanus are tonic in nature and the presence of contact with wild animals can distinguish the two.

4. Hysterical pseudorabies

Overreaction due to being bitten by an animal occurs immediately after the sufferer comes into contact with the animal while in rabies this is not the case due to the incubation period.

5. Poliomyelitis

Similar to paralytic type rabies, but in polyomyelitis there is fever and paralysis which are asymmetric, areflection, and muscle atrophy (symptoms of LMN). (2,3,14)

KEMERIAHAN KEGIATAN SENAM DAN JALAN SANTAI DI STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH KUNINGAN ( Sabtu 24/12/2022 )

KEMERIAHAN KEGIATAN SENAM DAN JALAN SANTAI DI STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH KUNINGAN ( Sabtu 24/12/2022 )

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KEMERIAHAN KEGIATAN SENAM DAN JALAN SANTAI DI STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH KUNINGAN ( Sabtu 24/12/2022 )

Nama : DELIA JULIANTI

NIM : 205223034

TUGAS: buat artikel mengenai milad

 MATA KULIAH :  kurikulum pembelajaran 

Dosen : ibu opah ropiah ,M.Pd

Dalam rangka memeriahkan hari ulangtahun kampus terbaik di Kuningan yakni stkip Muhammadiyah Kuningan, para mahasiswa dengan segenap civitas akademika beserta masyarakat sekitar mengikuti kegiatan puncak ( 24/12/2022) yaitu kegiatan senam dan jalan santai secara langsung di stkip Muhammadiyah Kuningan.

Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu apresiasi mahasiswa & masyarakat luas terhadap ada nya stkip muhammadiyah Kuningan , dimana dalam kegiatan senam dan jalan santai ini masyarakat bisa mendapatkan   kupon gratis yang di undi di hari itu juga .

Hadiah yang disuguhkan oleh stkip muhammadiyah kuningan dalam rangka pengundian kupon diantaranya ada kulkas , mesin cuci , parcel , perabotan rumah tangga  , dispenser dan banyak lagi hadiah lainnya. Terhitung ada 10 hadiah yang diundi di hari puncak itu . Selain itu , masyarakat yang ingin mendapatkan hadiah tidak hanya berharap dari kupon saja . Di acara itu masyarakat diberi unjuk kebolehan oleh MC ( KPM ) yakni kak Sonia , untuk maju ke panggung dan diberikan pertanyaan yang berisi tentang pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap stkip muhammadiyah kuningan. "Apa tema milad stkip muhammadiyah kuningan tahun ini ?" inilah salah satu pertanyaan yang dilontarkan MC kepada masyarakat  . 

Di hari puncak ini , banyak sekali masyarakat yang hadir karena ingin mendapatkan hadiah melalui kupon yang diundi . Melalui kegiatan puncak ini , kampus juga menyediakan hiburan yang di isi oleh segenap mahasiswa dan musisi kabupaten kuningan yang mana di hiburan ini melibatkan seluruh masyarakat baik itu mahasiswa dan peserta senam jalan santai .

"Apabila ada yang mau joged ke panggung , akan mendapatkan kupon undian gratis" ujar Diky Reva (dosen pjkr ). 

Pengundian kupon dan hadiah utama tidak berlangsung lama , di tengah hari tepat sebelum istirahat shalat dzuhur panitia milad stkip mengundi hadiah utama yaitu Kulkas dan mesin cuci , salah satu hadiah utama dimenangkan oleh mahasiswa PGSD semester 5 yakni kulkas . "Padahal kupon gratis ini tuh tapi aku dapat kulkas" ujarnya. 

Diacara puncak ini , tak lupa juga segenap civitas akademika stkip Muhammadiyah Kuningan juga memberikan informasi terkait stkip muhammadiyah kuningan. Informasi penting ini berisi pemberitahuan tentang akan berubah nya nama kampus yang tadinya stkip muhammadiyah kuningan akan menjadi 'Universitas Muhammadiyah Kuningan' yang  merupakan suatu kebanggaan terbesar di tahun ini atas pencapaian pencapaian visi misi kampus yang terlaksana di tahun-tahun sebelumnya.

9 Benefits of Fried Onions for Our Body's Health

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9 Benefits of Fried Onions for Our Body's Health

9 Benefits of Fried Onions for Our Body's Health

Don't say you are Indonesian if you don't know shallot (allium cepa l). Of course as a Southeast Asian you already know one of these flavoring spices. The content of this onion is usually used as a spice in cooking, the bulbs are used as fried onions. While the red onion leaves for drinking plates. The content of vitamins and nutrients can only be useful if consumed raw. If cooked, vitamins and nutrients will decrease or even disappear. Quoted from several sources, what are the benefits of consuming red onions for body health?

9 Benefits of Fried Onions for Our Body's Health

1. Help prevent cancer

The content of onion is called quercetin substance. Quercetin is a natural substance that makes onions dark red. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, quercetin is an antioxidant that plays an important role in combating the effects of harmful free radicals in the body. One of the effects of the accumulation of free radicals is cancer. Antioxidants such as quercetin can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. A study conducted on animals showed that the substance quercetine in raw shallots can prevent the growth of lung cancer cells, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer.

2. Lower blood pressure

In the journal Pharmacological Reports published in 2009, he also stated that the high quercetine substance in red onions can reduce high blood pressure. A person who has high blood pressure is at risk of experiencing various degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and diabetes mellitus.

3. Help normalize blood sugar levels

High blood sugar levels have been shown to result in diabetes mellitus. According to the Centers for Disease Control Prevention, high blood sugar levels are the source of all degenerative and chronic diseases. A study conducted in the area of Sudan, type one and type two diabetes who consumed raw shallots were shown to have normal blood sugar than those who did not consume them. Another study published in Environmental Health Insights also proves the same thing that onions are able to reduce blood sugar levels. Experts conclude that onions are indeed able to increase insulin levels and help the process of glycolysis in diabetics which causes a decrease in blood sugar levels.

4. Relieve the throat

The benefits of raw red onions can treat a sore throat. Fresh onion juice can relieve throat due to cough and cold. To add an extra taste of Javanese sugar or honey to the onion juice.

5. Control diabetes.

The flavonoids in shallots help treat many diseases, one of which is diabetes. Several studies have also shown the benefits of raw shallots that increase insulin production and help control weight associated with diabetes. Certain properties of onions help stimulate insulin secretion, which reduces the inflammatory response associated with diabetes.

6. Healthy heart

The efficacy of raw shallots can open closed arteries and control high blood pressure. Therefore, consuming red onions regularly can prevent coronary heart disease.

7. Improve brain health

The content of onions that can improve brain health is the presence of folate. It is one of the eight B vitamins and improves brain function by contributing to mental and emotional health. Folate also protects your body's DNA and RNA. Another benefit of raw onions is iron which is also very important for brain function. Onions also contain another compound called pyrithione, which was found to fight brain inflammation and increase neurological activity. Onion's anti-inflammatory properties may also help prevent Alzheimer's, a disorder characterized by memory loss. Shallots can also calm nerves and treat nerve irritation.

8. Contains protein for body health

Onions contain too much protein. Per serving of onions weighing 148 grams there is only 1 gram of protein. However, this onion can be used as a complement to foods such as raw chili sauce, to spice up fried rice recipes, or other foods. This onion protein is efficacious for maintaining and building healthy body tissue cells.

9. Boost immunity

The protein and peptides in shallots can boost immunity. Raw onions also have antioxidant effects that help fight common diseases and infections. Some of these illnesses include colds, flu, hay fever, and bronchitis. If you don't like eating shallots in RAW, you should cover them by mixing them into your favorite foods such as pecel, urap, burgers, or vegetable salads.

9 Benefits of Fried Onions for Our Body's Health